Editing

The cut/cutting technique was used to splice the film together into scenes and sequences. The actual cutting of the film meant that any remaining film would have to be thrown away and none of the lost footage can be stored or seen again.
The Moviola was the first machine to edit motion pictures. Iwan Serrurier's  original concept, in 1917, for his machine was to sell home movie projectors. However this project failed due to the cost of the machine being too expensive for the public to buy, the machine was priced at $600, which is the equivalent of over $20,000 in today's money. This led to very few sales of the machine and ultimately its failure. However an editor from Douglas Fairbanks Studios advised Iwan Serrurier to develop his original idea and adapt the machine for film editors to use to help them edit films easier. Iwan Serrurier invented the Moviola in 1924. The Moviola enables the editors to be able to view the film as they edit it which makes the editing process a lot easier for the editors as they can view individual shots and therefore could be a lot more precise with the editing. Some of the most well known film studios then started using the Moviola to edit their films including: Universal Studios, Warner Brothers and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The Moviola was the standard way to edit films up until the 70's when Flatbed editing became available. However some films are still edited using the Moviola, In 2005 Steven Spielberg's  'Munich'  was nominated for the 'Best Film Editing' Academy Award after the editor Micheal Kahn's use of the Moviola to edit the film.

 The Flatbed editor is a machine used to edit film. The machine loads picture and sound on separate plates which move forward and backwards. The picture is reflected onto a viewing screen through a prism and at the same time a magnetic playback head reads the audio track. The image is shot on film and the sound is recorded separately and then loaded onto a magnetic track.The editor then has to synchronise the sound and picture by loading one picture roll onto a plate and a corresponding magnetic roll onto a sound plate. The editor then finds the frame where the clapperboard come together and repeats this with the magnetic roll. the editor then marks the frame on both rolls and that is the synchronisation point. Interlock mode then ensures that the picture and sound maintain synchronisation. To actually edit the film the editor has to mark it on both the picture and sound rolls and cuts the film and then splice in the next shot. The flatbed became popular in the 1970's due to its high speed which the Moviola lacked. However flatbed editors were increasingly being replaced by non-linear editing software. One of the most famous brands of flatbed editors is the Steenbeck.